ABSTRACT
Alternate remedies with natural products provides unlimited opportunities for new drug development. Thesecan be either as pure compounds or as standardized set of compounds. The phytochemicals and secondarymetabolites are in great demand for screening bioactive compounds and plays an important role towards drugdevelopment. Natural products have many advantages over to synthetic chemical drugs. Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) a Gram-negative bacteria has been classified as Class I carcinogen by World Health Organization in1994. Current treatment regimens for H. pylori is ‘triple therapy’ administrated for two weeks which includes acombination of two antibiotics like Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) likeLansoprazole, and for ‘quadruple therapy’ in addition to antibiotics and a PPI, Bismuth is used. Antibioticresistance can be named as the main factor for failure of treatment of H. pylori infection. The need of the houris to develop a herbal remedy that could combat the growth of H. pylori. Probiotics can also be used as‘feasible’ tool for H. pylori infection management. Present review is an attempt to briefly discuss about thepathogenicity, genetic predisposition, perturbation of gut microbiota due to antibiotic treatment and restorationof healthy gut microbiota with phytochemicals and probiotics.
ABSTRACT
This study evaluated the phytochemical and antimicrobial activities and also quantified bioactive nucleoside using high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) of five extracts of Indian Himalayan Cordyceps sinensis prepared with different solvents employing accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) technique. The phytochemical potential of these extracts was quantified in terms of total phenolic and total flavonoid content while antioxidant activities were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. Total reducing power (TRP) was determined by converting iron (III) into iron (II) reduction assay. CS50%Alc (15.1+ 0.67mg/g of dry extract) and CS100%Alc (19.3 + 0.33mg/g of dry extract) showed highest phenolic and flavonoid content, respectively while CSAq extract showed maximum antioxidant activity and the highest concentration of the three nucleosides (adenine 12.8±0.49 mg/g, adenosine 0.36±0.28 mg/g and uracil 0.14±0.36 mg/g of dry extract) determined by HPTLC. The evaluation of extracts for antimicrobial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains showed CS25%Alc, CS75%Alc and CS100%Alc extract to be more effective against E. coli, P. aerugenosa and B. subtilis giving 9, 7 and 6.5 mm of zone of inhibition (ZOI) in 93.75, 93.75 and 45 µg concentration, respectively, whereas CSAq extract showed minimal inhibition against these.